WSJ:Japan has its own territorial dispute with China over a cluster of uninhabited islands called the Senkakus. Controlled by Japan and claimed by China and Taiwan, these specks of land lie just over 100 miles northeast of Taiwan. China, which calls them the Diaoyu islands, routinely sends coast-guard ships into the waters around them to assert its claim, a source of friction with Tokyo.
A Chinese takeover of Taiwan would make the threat to Japanese territory more acute, said Yuki Tatsumi, senior director at the U.S.-based Institute for Indo-Pacific Security. “Japan will no longer have a buffer, if you will,” she said, adding that it would face direct pressure from the Chinese navy.